Microphones

Microphone is a great example of a transducer. But, what is a transducer?

A transducer is basically anything that converts a signal of any kind to a signal of another type, from physical to electrical or the opposite. One great example is a loudspeaker, which exhibits sound waves for us to perceive.

Some other examples include hydrophones and contact mics. Hydrophones can pick up vibrations in water, while contact mics can pick up vibrations through solids. During the session, we had a great opportunity to be given some contact mics, and experiment on different objects. My group managed to get a very unique sound from a skateboard by spinning the wheels and placing the contact mic on the metal barrier between them. The result was getting a sound which otherwise, you would never be able to hear it.

Furthermore, there are some types/categories of microphones which are very important both to know and understand.

Dynamic Microphones

• Do not require Phantom Power
• Work better with loud/strong sounds
• Better for a live setting

Condenser Microphones

• Require Phantom Power
• Offer faster and sharper attack
• Much more responsive and precise
• Work better with higher frequencies

Polar Patterns

These are patterns which represent the sensitive areas of a microphone, and where it works better in capturing sound.

1. Omnidirectional : Non-directional, not good for stage use, since there is a great risk of feedback and present of other sound sources. No proxy – effect ( bass boost due to close distance ).
2. Cardioid : Cover front/sides, not covering the back side of the microphone. May exhibit proximity effect.